Change of Referencing Style to APA 7th Edition
2026-01-07
Change of Referencing Style to APA 7th Edition
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Read more about Change of Referencing Style to APA 7th EditionSalmonella Pullorum: Now You See Me, Now You Don’t — The Paradox of Detection in Chicken Infection Models
Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum (S Pullorum) presents a persistent paradox in avian infection biology: chickens often display pathological, immunological, and serological evidence of infection while viable bacteria remain undetectable by conventional culture. This “now you see me, now you don’t” phenomenon reflects biological adaptation rather than experimental failure. As a host-restricted pathogen, S Pullorum has evolved toward intracellular persistence, reduced inflammatory stimulation, and limited shedding, enabling long-term survival at levels below routine detection thresholds. Consequently, culture negativity does not necessarily indicate bacterial clearance. Reliance on bacteriological recovery alone may therefore lead to misinterpretation of infection dynamics in experimental models and underestimation of silent reservoirs in surveillance systems. Recognizing the disconnect between detectability and persistence is essential for accurate interpretation of host–pathogen interactions and for designing diagnostic and surveillance strategies suited to stealth, host-adapted bacterial pathogens.
Comparative Histopathology and Immunogenicity of two Commercially available Infectious Bronchitis GI-13 Vaccine Strains in Broiler Chickens
Hossein Hoseini
,
Zahra Ziafati Kafi
,
Alireza Bakhshi
,
Fahimeh Jamiri
,
Soroush Sarmadi
,
Najmeh Motamed
,
Nazanin Sarvan
,
Ali Niazi
,
Sepehr Salimi
,
Ali Shahamatifard
;
Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi
*
Vaccine development is a lengthy procedure, and safety and efficacy studies are crucial before and after the commercial use of a vaccine. The current research was conducted to investigate the immunogenicity and histopathological effects of two commercially produced Infectious Bronchitis vaccines from the GI-13 lineage in young chickens. Seventy-five broiler chickens were divided into three groups of 25 (groups 1-3). At 21 days of age, the chickens were vaccinated through the ocular route. The first two groups were vaccinated against IB, while the last group remained unvaccinated as a control group. Using ELISA, the humoral immune response in the form of antibodies was measured 3 weeks post-vaccination. Five days after vaccine administration, histopathology in the trachea and kidney of vaccinated and control group chickens was examined, and real-time PCR was performed to determine the RNA virus load in tracheal swabs. The results confirmed that both vaccines elicited serum antibody responses of 0.2618±0.1358 (mean OD ± standard deviation) for the first group and 0.2789±0.1164 for the second group, which were higher than those of the control group. Despite some variations between them, the difference was not significant (p>0.05). However, the 793/B-like vaccine in group 2 had much higher histopathological lesion scores in the kidney (Group 1: 2.600 ± 0.8944 and 3.800 ± 0.4472 for Group 2) and the trachea (Group 1 scored a mean of 1.800 ± 0.4472, while the second group scored a higher mean of 2.800 ± 0.8367) (P<0.05), indicating that different vaccines may cause varying changes in the microscopic structure of tissues. Real-time RT-PCR analysis with 24 and 24.42 CT values for the first and second vaccinated groups, respectively, revealed no preference for vaccine strains, indicating roughly the same viral loads. In conclusion, these findings suggest that both vaccines are immunogenic, and despite potentially having the same replication rate, one specific vaccine could be safer with less damage in target tissues in chickens. This means that choosing the right vaccine is important for control strategies and managing the health of poultry.
Nutritional and Qualitative Characteristics of Chicken Patties Incorporated with Green Banana Pulp
Anita Chappalwar
;
Rishav Kumar
*
;
Vikas Pathak
,
Arun Verma
,
Vincentraju Rajkumar
;
Meena Goswami
This study aimed to develop functional chicken patties with the incorporation of green banana pulp (GB) as a fiber source separately at 2.0, 4.0, and 6.0% levels, with the replacement of meat accordingly for the maintenance of emulsion formulation. The developed chicken patties were subjected to the analysis of rheological behaviors, proximate composition and mineral content, and textural and sensory parameters. The total dietary fiber content of the GB Powder was 34.30±1.25. The rheological behavior of the emulsion showed higher storage modulus values (G′) than the loss modulus values (G″) in both temperature and frequency sweeps. Emulsion, as well as pH, emulsion stability, protein, fat, cholesterol content, water activity, and zinc content, was decreased; however, ash and total dietary fiber, cooking yield, moisture, manganese, iron, copper, potassium, and phosphorous content of the product increased significantly (p<0.05) with the incorporation of green banana pulp powder. All textural parameters increased significantly (p<0.05) with an increased level of green banana pulp powder in chicken patties, except fracturability. The lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values of patties decreased significantly (p<0.05) with an increased level of green banana pulp powder. Flavor, texture, juiciness, mouth coating, meat flavor intensity, and overall acceptability scores of controls and GB1 were comparable; however, they decreased significantly (p<0.05) in GB2 and GB3. Therefore, it is concluded that acceptable-quality chicken patties could be developed with the incorporation of 2% green banana pulp powder.
First Report of Mixed-Type Hemangioma in a Yellow Fischer lovebird (Agapornis fischeri) in Iran
|
Hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors that are rarely reported in avian species, especially in companion psittacine. This report describes the first documented case of a mixed-type hemangioma in a Yellow Fischer lovebird (Agapornis fischeri) in Iran. A 7-year-old bird was presented with a progressively enlarging cervical mass and clinical signs of lateral recumbency. The owner reported episodes of hemorrhage from the mass, leading to severe blood loss. Despite supportive care, the bird died shortly after admission. The excised mass was fixed in 10% buffered formalin and submitted for histopathological evaluation. Microscopically, the lesion demonstrated two distinct vascular growth patterns: small capillary channels lined by uniform endothelium, and larger cavernous sinusoids separated by fibrovascular stroma. These findings were consistent with a mixed-type capillary and cavernous hemangioma. While neoplasms are increasingly diagnosed in aging pet birds, hemangiomas remain rare, and mixed types even more so. This case highlights the importance of histopathological evaluation in exotic species and contributes to the limited literature on vascular tumors in ornamental birds. |
Molecular Study of Gamma Coronaviruses in Birds from the Southern Caspian Sea Coast of Iran
Zoleikha Tatari
;
Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi
*
;
Hossein Hosseini
,
Mohammad Malekan
,
Zahra Ziafati Kafi
,
Rima Morshed
,
Hamideh Najafi
,
Soroush Sasrmadi
,
Naser Sadri
,
Nazanin Sarvian
,
Safoura Tatari
Gammacoronaviruses (γ-CoVs), including infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), cause economically important diseases in poultry and may act as reservoirs or bridges for viral dissemination. This study aimed to determine the frequency and genetic relationships of γ‑CoVs in asymptomatic wild and free-ranging birds of northern Iran. From February to December 2020, 60 cloacal swabs were collected from 11 bird species (n=3–10 per species); RNA was extracted and a one‑step RT‑PCR targeting a 266‑bp fragment of the 3’ untranslated region (3’ UTR) was performed, positive amplicons were Sanger‑sequenced, sequences were aligned with reference γ‑CoV sequences, and phylogenetic analysis was carried out. Six of 60 samples (10.0%) were RT‑PCR positive—4/10 rural chickens (40.0%) and 2/10 white‑headed ducks (20.0%)—while all other sampled species were negative. Sequence analysis of six isolates placed chicken‑derived viruses in a cluster with known chicken IBV strains (one isolate clustering closely with the H120 vaccine sequence and two forming a separate subcluster), whereas the two duck-derived sequences were identical to each other and formed a distinct cluster with reference γCoV sequences from wild birds (e.g., duck, pigeon, and other avian hosts), indicating a shared lineage but not necessarily genetic identity with those reference strains. These findings indicate that asymptomatic free-ranging chickens and white-headed ducks in Golestan Province harbor γ-CoV RNA, suggesting local viral circulation and potential interactions at the wild–domestic interface
Effects of CytoGard as Drinking Water Supplement on Some Gut Health-Related Genes Expression, Inflammatory Responses, and Bone Strength Characteristics in Broiler Chickens
Sare Hajiabadi
,
Mehrdad Movahed Nasab
,
Jawad Kadhim Al-jorani
,
Hojat Sarvari
,
Nazanin Alishahi
,
Bahman Ounagh
,
Alireza Haghparast
,
Abdollah Jamshidi
;
Mohammad Hadi Sekhavati
*
|
Gastrointestinal health plays a crucial role in enhancing immune function and maintaining a balanced gut microbiota in poultry. Regulation of inflammatory gene expression and upregulation of genes related to intestinal health are key factors in preserving epithelial integrity and immune efficiency. In the present study, the effects of a drinking water supplement, commercially known as CytoGard, on the expression of inflammatory and intestinal health-related genes during the rearing period of broiler chickens were evaluated. A total of 180 Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly allocated to three experimental treatments: CytoGard, a commercial probiotic serving as a positive control, and control groups, with six replicates of 10 birds each. On day 42, ileum samples were collected to analyze the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (TNF-α and IL-1β) as well as the anti-inflammatory gene (IL-10). Additionally, the expression of gut health-related genes, including occludin, mucin-2, and immunoglobulin A, was assessed using real-time PCR. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the tibia bone were evaluated. The results showed that CytoGard significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β compared to the control group (p<0.01). Moreover, the expression of intestinal health-related genes such as mucin-2 and occludin was significantly upregulated (p<0.01). The mechanical properties of tibia bone did not differ significantly among groups (p>0.05). Therefore, regular supplementation with CytoGard during the rearing period may be considered as an effective strategy to enhance poultry gut health by reducing inflammation and upregulating the expression of intestinal health-related genes. |
Digital Radiography and CT-Scan Findings in Femoral Bone Structures of Long-legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus)
Basir Abolghasemi
;
Mohammad Reza Esmailinejad
*
;
Hemad Shafiei
,
Mohammadjavad Jahedi
,
Nafiseh Alinejad
Veterinary diagnostic methods are rapidly evolving, with radiology techniques playing a key role in clinical activities and disease diagnosis. Computed Tomography (CT) has gained popularity for its detailed structural imaging and ability to provide precise diagnostic information. The Buteo rufinus, a common bird of prey species admitted to the Environmental Protection Department of Kerman, often presents with skeletal injuries, making advanced imaging techniques valuable for effective treatment. This study examined the femoral bone structure using digital radiology and CT in 10 adult Buteo Rufinus. Sedated birds underwent imaging of left and right femur structures, and multiple indices were measured. A significant difference was found in the diameter of the medullary cavity and thickness of the cortex between radiology and CT techniques (P<0.05), while no significant difference was observed between left and right femoral indices using either method (P>0.05). CT offers higher accuracy in measuring some femur indices and provides precise information for managing femoral injuries in Buteo rufinus. It is recommended for enhancing clinical outcomes in these raptors
The Role of Aspirin and Its Derivatives in Enhancing Broiler Health and Performance: A Comprehensive Review
|
Following restrictions on antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in many regions due to their link to the development of microbial resistance. The recent ban on antibiotics in poultry has underscored the urgent need for alternative methods to enhance growth performance in chickens. Various innovative strategies are being explored to address this challenge. Aspirin, chemically known as acetylsalicylic acid, has attracted attention in poultry nutrition, particularly in broiler diets. Its potential benefits include enhancing growth performance, improving feed efficiency, and possibly providing anti-inflammatory effects. This review synthesizes findings from 64 studies conducted between 2015 and 2025 on the effects of aspirin use across many animal species, particularly in broiler diets, focusing on growth and development, carcass traits, and health criteria. The literature indicates that the addition of Aspirin to drinking water at concentrations exceeding 200 mg/L was associated with reduced performance and adverse histology in several studies. Conversely, including up to 100 mg/kg of Aspirin in the diet has been demonstrated in several studies to improve performance and decrease the population of Escherichia coli. These effects are especially pronounced under stressful conditions commonly faced in broiler production, such as high stocking densities and heat stress. This review underscores the health advantages and potential uses of Aspirin and its derivatives in broiler nutrition. |
Announcements
Current Issue
Vol. 4 No. 2 (2026): Serial Number 14
Published:
2026-02-15
Articles
-
Nutritional and Qualitative Characteristics of Chicken Patties Incorporated with Green Banana Pulp
Anita Chappalwar ; Rishav Kumar * ; Vikas Pathak , Arun Verma , Vincentraju Rajkumar ; Meena Goswami -
Molecular Study of Gamma Coronaviruses in Birds from the Southern Caspian Sea Coast of Iran
Zoleikha Tatari ; Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi * ; Hossein Hosseini , Mohammad Malekan , Zahra Ziafati Kafi , Rima Morshed , Hamideh Najafi , Soroush Sasrmadi , Naser Sadri , Nazanin Sarvian , Safoura Tatari1-6
Bibliographic information:
Title: Journal of Poultry Sciences and Avian Diseases.
Abbreviated title: J Poult Sci Avian Dis
Accronym: JPSAD
Online ISSN: 2981-135X
Print ISSN: 2981-1368
Editor-in-chief: Jamshid Razmyar
Owner: SANA Institute for Avian Health and Diseases Research
Funder: Ramin Salamati
Publisher: KMAN Publication Inc. 
Language: English
Subject classification: Dewey : 636.5
Subject headings: Avian Diseases, Poultry Sciences
Email: admin@jpsad.com
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