Comparative Serum Immune Responses to Bacterial Ghost and Liposomal APEC Vaccine Formulations in Broiler Chickens

Ahmid Hamid  Dawood Alatbee; Ali A. Al-iedani

Authors

Ahmid Hamid Dawood Alatbee * Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Iraq ahmed.hamed@uobasrah.edu.iq

Ali A. Al-iedani Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Basrah, Iraq

Keywords:

Bacterial ghost, liposomal vaccine, Cytokines, APEC, Alum hydroxide gel, cellular immunity

Abstract

This study compared the preliminary serum immune-marker responses induced by two vaccine preparations against avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in broiler chickens: a bacterial ghost preparation (BGs) and a liposome-based preparation (LIPO). Serum IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and total IgY were measured by ELISA to evaluate humoral, cellular, and inflammatory responses relative to a negative control group. Overall differences among the three groups were statistically significant for all measured markers (p<0.0001). Direct comparison of the vaccinated groups showed significantly higher IL-10, IL-1β, and total IgY concentrations in the BGs group, whereas IL-4 was significantly higher in the LIPO group. IL-12 and IFN-γ did not differ significantly between the two vaccinated groups. These findings indicate that the two preparations generated distinct preliminary serum immune-marker profiles. Because protective efficacy was not evaluated in an APEC challenge model, further studies are required before either preparation can be considered an effective vaccine against colibacillosis.

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