Effect of Green Nano Cineole and Green Nano silver on Altering the Expression of Caspase 3 and NFkB in Kidney Cells Exposed with Ochratoxin A

Abstract

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a biologically generated mycotoxin with nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, and immunotoxic properties generated by various Aspergillus and Penicillium species. The present investigation aimed to study the toxicological effects of OTA on human kidney cells by examining the genes associated with inflammation (Caspase 3 and NFκB), as well as the combined effects of AgNPs and Nano cineole alone and in combination on the expression of these genes. The cell viability of the treated HEK-293 cell line and OTA-induced HEK-293 cells was evaluated using the MTT assay. Silver nanoparticles, Cineole nanoparticles, and combined-NPs treated and untreated HEK-293 cells and OTA-induced HEK-293 cells were used to study the expression of the genes involved in the apoptosis pathway, including Caspase 3 and NFkB genes. The rate of apoptosis in HEK-293 and OTA-induced normal cells subjected to nanoparticles was also assessed using the Annexin-V Apoptosis Detection Kit. The MTT assay indicated that treatment of HEK-293 cells with OTA resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability . In contrast, a substantial rise in the vitality of HEK-293 cell lines was observed in cells treated with higher concentrations of both AgNPs and cineole nanoparticles. The qPCR analysis showed that treatment of the OTA-treated cells with all produced NPs (single form and combination form) significantly decreased the expression of Caspase 3 and NFkB genes relative to normal OTA-induced cells (p<0.05). The frequency of apoptotic cells in cells treated with produced nanoparticles was slightly lower compared to cells treated with OTA, suggesting that exposure to these nanoparticles can decrease the toxicity caused by OTA in normal cells. Altogether, combining AgNPs and cineole nanoparticles shows promise for utilizing nanoparticles to improve mycotoxin-induced toxicity in human cells.